The Duchy of Brittany, known in French as duché de Bretagne and in Breton as Douezh Breizh, was a medieval feudal state that existed from the 9th to the 16th century in the northwestern part of modern-day France. Here is an in-depth look at its history, key events, and significance:
Formation and Early History
- The duchy emerged from the remnants of the Kingdom of Brittany, which was established by the Britons fleeing Anglo-Saxon invasions in Britain during the 5th and 6th centuries.
- By the 9th century, Brittany was nominally under the Carolingian Empire's control but maintained a degree of autonomy. The title of Duke was first granted by Charles the Bald in 841 to Nominoe, though initially more as a title of military command rather than territorial sovereignty.
Key Rulers and Events
Integration into France
- The Treaty of Vertus in 1532 formally incorporated Brittany into France, ending its status as a semi-independent duchy. However, it retained some autonomy in administration and law.
- The Parlement of Brittany, established in 1554, continued to operate until the French Revolution, reflecting the duchy's historical distinctiveness.
Legacy and Cultural Impact
- Despite its political absorption, the Duchy of Brittany left a lasting cultural and linguistic legacy, with the Breton language and traditions continuing to thrive.
- The duchy's history is often invoked in regionalist movements within Brittany today, highlighting its unique identity within France.
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