Turntablism is the art of manipulating sounds and creating music using turntables and a DJ mixer. This practice has evolved from the traditional role of a disc jockey (DJ) who primarily plays records for an audience, into an art form where DJs actively produce new music through the manipulation of vinyl records, CDJs, and digital tools.
- Origins: The roots of turntablism can be traced back to the late 1960s and early 1970s in New York City, particularly within the hip hop culture. DJs like Kool Herc began extending the break in funk records, creating what would become known as breakbeat DJing.
- 1970s to 1980s: Techniques like scratching, beat juggling, and cutting were developed. Grandmaster Flash is often credited with many innovations, including the Quick Mix Theory, which allowed for seamless transitions between records.
- 1990s: Turntablism gained more recognition as an art form with events like the DMC World DJ Championships showcasing competitive scratching and mixing. DJs such as DJ Qbert and Mix Master Mike became renowned for their turntable skills.
- 2000s onwards: With technology advancements, digital tools and software like Serato Scratch Live and Traktor have integrated with traditional turntable setups, allowing for more complex performances.
Techniques and Equipment
- Scratching: This involves moving a vinyl record back and forth with the hand while the needle is in contact with the record, creating rhythmic sounds.
- Beat Juggling: DJs manipulate two or more copies of the same record to extend, rearrange, or create new rhythms.
- Cutting: Quickly switching between two or more sources of sound to create rhythmic patterns or effects.
- Equipment: Key tools include turntables, mixers with crossfaders, slipmats, and various vinyl records or digital equivalents. Brands like Technics and Pioneer DJ are popular among turntablists.
Cultural Impact
Turntablism has not only influenced music but also the broader culture:
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