Temple of Edfu
The Temple of Edfu, also known as the Temple of Horus, is one of the best-preserved temples in Egypt, dedicated to the falcon god Horus. Here are some key details about this magnificent structure:
- Location: The temple is situated in the city of Edfu, about 100 km south of Luxor and 125 km north of Aswan on the west bank of the Nile River.
- Construction: The construction of the temple began in 237 BC under the rule of Ptolemy III Euergetes and was completed in 57 BC by Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos. This makes it one of the last great monuments of the Ptolemaic period.
- Architecture:
- The temple is built from sandstone blocks, with inscriptions and carvings that are remarkably well-preserved.
- It follows the traditional layout of Egyptian temples, with a large pylon, a courtyard, a hypostyle hall with columns, and sanctuaries.
- The main structure spans 137 meters by 79 meters, including the pylon which is 36 meters high.
- Mythological Significance: The temple's inscriptions tell the story of Horus' victory over Seth, the god of chaos, symbolizing the triumph of order over chaos.
- Reliefs and Inscriptions:
- Detailed reliefs depict various religious ceremonies, the daily life of the priests, and the mythical battles of Horus.
- The inscriptions provide invaluable insight into the religious and social practices of the time, including the Calendar of Egypt and its festivals.
- Historical Context:
- The temple was buried under sand and debris for centuries, which helped preserve its condition. It was rediscovered in 1860 by Auguste Mariette.
- After its excavation, the temple was restored by French Egyptologist Émile Chassinat who documented its inscriptions in the "Edfu Project."
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