A Short-Barreled Rifle (SBR) in the United States is legally defined under the National Firearms Act (NFA) of 1934 as a rifle having one or both of the following characteristics:
The NFA was enacted in response to the criminal use of certain firearms during the Prohibition era, aiming to regulate and tax specific types of firearms, including SBRs, to curb their use in crime. The act requires the registration of SBRs with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). Owners must also pay a $200 tax for the making or transfer of such firearms, which was a significant amount at the time the law was passed.
The ATF oversees the regulation and taxation of SBRs, ensuring compliance with the NFA regulations.
To legally own an SBR, an individual must:
SBRs are popular for their maneuverability, making them suitable for home defense, close-quarters battle, or for enthusiasts who appreciate the compact design. They offer similar ballistics to standard rifles but in a more compact package, which can be advantageous in certain tactical scenarios. However, their shorter barrel length can result in increased muzzle flash and reduced velocity compared to longer-barreled rifles.
Despite their regulation, SBRs are legal in many states, but there are exceptions and additional state laws that can complicate ownership or transport. For instance, states like New York, New Jersey, and California have more stringent firearm laws that might further restrict or prohibit SBRs. Owners must be aware of both federal and state laws regarding SBRs.
For further reading on the subject: