Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador is Canada's easternmost province, consisting of two main geographical components: the island of Newfoundland, and Labrador, which is the continental portion of the province. Here's a detailed overview:
Geography
- Newfoundland: This island is known for its rugged coastline, with numerous bays, fjords, and cliffs. It is the 16th largest island in the world.
- Labrador: A large landmass on the Canadian mainland, characterized by vast boreal forests, mountainous terrain, and the Torngat Mountains.
- Climate: The province experiences a maritime climate with cold winters and cool summers. Fog is common due to the meeting of the cold Labrador Current with the warm Gulf Stream.
History
- Viking Settlement: The first known European settlement was by the Vikings around 1000 AD at L'Anse aux Meadows.
- European Discovery: John Cabot, an explorer, is credited with the "discovery" of Newfoundland in 1497, although the area had been inhabited by indigenous peoples for thousands of years.
- Colonial Period: Newfoundland was a British colony, with fishing being the primary economic activity. It became a Dominion in 1907 but reverted to being a Crown Colony in 1934 due to economic issues.
- Confederation: Newfoundland and Labrador joined Canada in 1949 as the tenth province following a controversial referendum.
Culture
- Language: English is the predominant language, with a unique dialect known as Newfoundland English.
- Music: Traditional music, including sea shanties and folk music, is integral to the culture.
- Festivals: Events like the Newfoundland and Labrador Folk Festival showcase local talent and traditions.
- Cuisine: Known for dishes like Jiggs Dinner and fresh seafood, particularly cod.
Economy
- Fishing: Historically, the fishery was the backbone of the economy, though it has seen significant changes due to the collapse of the cod fishery in the 1990s.
- Oil and Gas: Offshore oil exploration and production have become major economic drivers, particularly in the Hibernia Platform.
- Mining: Labrador has rich deposits of iron ore, nickel, and other minerals.
- Tourism: Growing sector with attractions like Gros Morne National Park and Iceberg Alley.
Notable Sites
- Signal Hill, where Marconi received the first transatlantic wireless signal in 1901.
- Cape Spear, the easternmost point of North America.
- Twillingate, known as the "Iceberg Capital of the World".
External Links
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