Internet
The Internet is a global network of interconnected computer systems, which use standardized communication protocols, predominantly TCP/IP, to link devices worldwide. Here is a comprehensive overview:
History of the Internet
How the Internet Works
- Internet Protocol (IP): Each device connected to the Internet is assigned an IP address, allowing it to communicate with other devices.
- Domain Name System (DNS): Converts human-readable domain names into IP addresses.
- Packet Switching: Data is broken into packets, sent independently, and reassembled at the destination.
- Routing: Routers use protocols like BGP to determine the best path for data to travel from source to destination.
Key Components
- Internet Service Providers (ISPs): Companies that provide Internet access to customers.
- Backbone: High-speed networks that connect major Internet nodes and ISPs.
- Peering: Agreements between ISPs to exchange traffic for mutual benefit.
Internet Governance
There isn't a single governing body for the Internet; instead, several organizations manage different aspects:
- ICANN oversees IP address allocation and domain name system management.
- IETF develops and promotes voluntary Internet standards.
- W3C leads the development of web standards.
Internet Security
Security concerns include:
- Malware: Viruses, worms, and other harmful software.
- Phishing: Fraudulent attempts to obtain sensitive information.
- Data Breaches: Unauthorized access to databases containing personal information.
- Encryption: Protocols like HTTPS are used to secure data transmission.
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