Andorra
Andorra is a small, landlocked country nestled in the Pyrenees Mountains between France and Spain. Here are some key facts and details about this unique nation:
Geography
- Andorra covers an area of about 468 square kilometers, making it one of the smallest countries in Europe.
- It has no airport or railway, and its rugged terrain is characterized by high mountains, with the highest peak being Coma Pedrosa at 2,942 meters.
- The capital and largest city is Andorra la Vella, which is also the highest capital city in Europe by elevation.
History
- Andorra claims to have been founded in 783 AD when Charlemagne granted the lands to the people who helped him fight the Moors. However, this claim is largely symbolic.
- In 1278, a feudal agreement was signed between the French Count of Foix and the Spanish Bishop of Urgell, which established a unique co-principality, a system that persists to this day.
- The country's constitution was adopted in 1993, marking its sovereignty and its entry into the international community.
- The co-princes of Andorra are the President of France and the Bishop of Urgell, making it one of the last remnants of feudalism in the world.
Politics
- Andorra is a parliamentary co-principality with a democratic government.
- The General Council of the Valleys (Consell General) serves as the legislative body, with 28 members.
- The Head of Government is appointed by the co-princes after being elected by the General Council.
Economy
- Historically, Andorra's economy was based on agriculture, but now tourism, particularly skiing and shopping, dominates.
- It has a duty-free status which attracts many visitors for shopping.
- Banking and finance have also become significant sectors due to its low tax environment, although recent international pressure has led to changes in banking secrecy laws.
Culture
- The official language is Catalan, but Spanish, French, and Portuguese are also widely spoken due to the proximity and historical ties with Spain and France.
- Andorran culture is heavily influenced by its neighbors, with traditional music, dance, and festivals reflecting a blend of Spanish and French influences.
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