Tulum
Tulum is an ancient Mayan walled city located on the east coast of the Yucatan Peninsula in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. Known for its stunning seaside location, Tulum was once an important site for the Maya civilization during the Postclassic Period.
History
- Origins: The city of Tulum is believed to have been established around the 13th century AD, although some of its structures might date back to the 6th century.
- Significance: Tulum served as a major port for Coba, a significant inland Maya city, and was involved in trade with other parts of the Mayan world and potentially beyond.
- Decline: The city was largely abandoned by the 16th century, coinciding with the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors. However, it remained a site of pilgrimage and was still visited by local Mayans.
Archaeological Features
Tulum's most notable features include:
- El Castillo: A large pyramid temple situated at the edge of the cliffs overlooking the Caribbean Sea. It was likely used for astronomical observations.
- The Temple of the Frescoes: Known for its well-preserved murals depicting various deities and scenes from Mayan mythology.
- The Temple of the Descending God: Characterized by stucco figures of a deity in a descending position, which is a unique iconographic feature of Tulum.
- The Tulum Wall: The city was surrounded by a wall, which is unusual for Maya sites, suggesting Tulum's role as a fortified site.
Modern Tulum
Today, Tulum has become a popular tourist destination due to:
- Eco-Tourism: Its location within the Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve attracts visitors interested in natural beauty and biodiversity.
- Beaches: The beaches of Tulum, with their white sand and clear waters, are among the most photographed in Mexico.
- Cultural Heritage: Efforts are made to preserve the archaeological site while allowing public access.
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