The Rape of Lucrece is a narrative poem by William Shakespeare, first published in 1594. It is one of Shakespeare's earliest works and is considered one of his longest narrative poems, consisting of 1,855 lines.
The poem is based on the legend of Lucretia, a noblewoman in ancient Rome, whose rape by Sextus Tarquinius, son of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the last king of Rome, led to the overthrow of the Roman monarchy and the establishment of the Roman Republic. This event is pivotal in Roman history, symbolizing the transition from monarchy to republic.
The poem opens with a description of Tarquin’s lust for Lucrece, leading him to her home under the pretext of hospitality. He confronts her in her chamber, threatens her with death, and rapes her. Following the assault, Lucrece is consumed by shame and despair. She writes to her husband, Collatinus, and her father, Lucretius, recounting the crime. Upon their arrival, she narrates the event, and subsequently stabs herself to death, choosing to end her life rather than live with the dishonor. Her death galvanizes the Roman nobles, leading to the expulsion of the Tarquins and the founding of the Republic.
The Rape of Lucrece has been influential in both literary and artistic spheres. It has inspired numerous works of art, including paintings, and has been a subject of discussion in feminist literature due to its portrayal of sexual violence and its consequences. Shakespeare's exploration of these themes has led to varied interpretations over time, reflecting changing societal attitudes towards gender, power, and consent.