Tarquinia
Tarquinia is an ancient city in the province of Viterbo, Lazio, central Italy. Known for its rich history and archaeological significance, it is one of the most important Etruscan cities, offering insights into the Etruscan civilization.
History
The origins of Tarquinia can be traced back to the Villanovan culture, which predates the Etruscan period. By the 8th century BC, Tarquinia had become a significant center of power, with its influence extending over much of what is now southern Tuscany and northern Latium.
- Etruscan Period: Tarquinia was one of the leading cities in the Etruscan League, a confederation of twelve cities that dominated central Italy before the rise of Rome. The city was known for its necropolis, with painted tombs like the Tomb of the Bulls and the Tomb of the Leopards, which provide vivid depictions of Etruscan life and beliefs.
- Roman Conquest: After the Roman conquest in the 4th century BC, Tarquinia was integrated into the Roman state. However, it retained a degree of autonomy, and its citizens were granted Roman citizenship in 90 BC.
- Medieval to Modern Era: In medieval times, Tarquinia was under the control of various feudal lords until it became part of the Papal States. The city saw a decline in importance until the 19th and 20th centuries when archaeological excavations began to reveal its ancient heritage.
Archaeological Sites
The archaeological heritage of Tarquinia is vast:
- Necropolis of Monterozzi: This UNESCO World Heritage site contains over 6,000 painted tombs, making it one of the most extensive and well-preserved Etruscan necropolises.
- Tarquinia National Museum: Houses artifacts from the city's long history, including pottery, jewelry, and sarcophagi.
- Ara della Regina: An Etruscan temple dedicated to the goddess Uni, the Etruscan equivalent of Juno.
Modern Tarquinia
Today, Tarquinia is a small town that attracts tourists interested in its archaeological sites, medieval architecture, and its proximity to the sea. It's also known for the wine production in the surrounding region.
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