Taranto
Taranto is a city and commune in Apulia, Italy, located on the Gulf of Taranto in the Ionian Sea. It is known for its rich history, strategic port, and industrial significance. Here are some key details about Taranto:
History
- Founding: Taranto was originally founded by Spartans in 706 BC as Tarās or Taras, named after the mythical founder, the son of Poseidon.
- Ancient Period: It became a significant Greek colony, part of Magna Graecia, and was known for its military prowess and naval power. The city's coinage featured the figure of a horseman, symbolizing the legendary founder.
- Roman Era: After the Roman conquest, Taranto lost some of its autonomy but remained an important port and trading center.
- Middle Ages: The city saw various rulers, including the Byzantine Empire, Norman Kingdom of Sicily, and later the Kingdom of Naples.
- Modern Times: In the 20th century, Taranto became a major industrial center with the development of steelworks and shipyards, notably the ILVA steel plant, which has been a significant part of the local economy but also a source of environmental and health concerns.
Geography
- Location: Taranto is situated on a natural harbor, the Mar Piccolo, which is separated from the Mar Grande by a thin strip of land.
- Climate: The city enjoys a Mediterranean climate with hot summers and mild winters.
Economy
- Industry: Taranto's economy is heavily based on its port activities, shipbuilding, and the steel industry. The ILVA steel plant is one of Europe's largest steel mills.
- Fishing: The city has a long tradition of fishing, particularly mussels, which are a delicacy in the region.
- Tourism: The historical center, known as the Old City, attracts tourists with its narrow streets, Baroque architecture, and the Taranto Cathedral.
Culture
Environmental Issues
- Pollution: The industrial activities, particularly from the steel plant, have led to significant environmental pollution, affecting both the air and water quality around Taranto. This has been a contentious issue with legal battles and environmental activism.
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