The Swiss National Park is Switzerland's oldest national park, established in 1914. Located in the Engadine valley of the canton of Graubünden, it spans an area of 170 square kilometers, making it one of the largest protected areas in Switzerland. The park is dedicated to the preservation of nature in its unaltered state and provides a sanctuary for wildlife, flora, and geological features.
The initiative to create a national park in Switzerland began in the early 20th century, inspired by the establishment of Yellowstone National Park in the United States. The park was officially founded on August 1, 1914, with the aim of protecting the unique alpine landscape from human intervention. Over the years, the park has remained largely untouched, allowing for the study of natural ecological processes without human interference.
The Swiss National Park encompasses a diverse range of landscapes, from deep gorges and rushing rivers to serene alpine meadows and rugged mountain peaks. The highest point within the park is Piz Quattervals at 3,165 meters, while the lowest point is at around 1,400 meters above sea level. This altitudinal variation supports a variety of ecosystems, each with its own unique species adapted to the conditions.
The park is home to over 5,000 species of plants, fungi, and animals, including:
Strict regulations govern the park to ensure minimal human impact:
The Swiss National Park also serves as a hub for environmental education and scientific research. It features an information center at Zernez, which educates visitors about the park's conservation efforts, biodiversity, and the importance of preserving natural environments. Research conducted within the park contributes to global ecological studies, focusing on climate change impacts, species conservation, and ecosystem dynamics.
Visitors can explore the park through a network of hiking trails, offering various degrees of difficulty. The park's trails are designed to provide access to the natural beauty while minimizing disturbance to wildlife. Guided tours are available, offering deeper insights into the park's ecology and history.