Super-Tuscan
Super-Tuscan refers to a class of Tuscan Wine that emerged in the late 20th century, primarily in the regions of Chianti, Brunello di Montalcino, and Bolgheri. These wines are known for their innovative approach to winemaking, which often deviates from the traditional regulations set by the Italian government's DOC (Denominazione di Origine Controllata) and DOCG (Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita) systems.
History
The concept of Super-Tuscans arose as a response to the restrictive regulations of the DOC and DOCG. Initially, these regulations limited producers to using certain grape varieties and traditional winemaking techniques. In the 1970s and 1980s, winemakers like Antinori and Sassicaia began experimenting with international grape varieties like Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Cabernet Franc, alongside or in place of the traditional Sangiovese.
- 1968: The first Super-Tuscan, Sassicaia, was created by Marchese Mario Incisa della Rocchetta. It was a blend primarily of Cabernet Sauvignon, which did not conform to the Chianti Classico regulations.
- 1970s: Other producers followed suit, creating blends that did not fit within the DOC rules, leading to the classification of these wines under the generic Vino da Tavola (table wine) category.
- 1980s: The term "Super-Tuscan" was coined by the American wine critic Robert M. Parker Jr. These wines gained international acclaim, and their high quality and innovation led to changes in Italian wine laws.
- 1992: The Italian government introduced the IGT (Indicazione Geografica Tipica) category, which allowed for more flexibility in grape varieties and winemaking techniques, enabling Super-Tuscans to be labeled with a geographic indication.
Characteristics
Super-Tuscans are characterized by:
- Use of non-traditional grape varieties or blends, including international varieties not native to Tuscany.
- Modern winemaking techniques, such as shorter maceration periods, use of new oak barrels for aging, and sometimes extended aging.
- High quality and often high prices due to their exclusivity and prestige.
- A range of styles, from full-bodied reds to lighter, more nuanced expressions.
Notable Super-Tuscans
Impact on Italian Wine Industry
Super-Tuscans have had a profound impact on Italian winemaking:
- They challenged the traditional view of Italian wine, pushing for quality over strict adherence to local laws.
- They brought international attention to Italian wines, leading to increased exports and prestige.
- They influenced changes in Italian wine legislation, leading to more flexible classifications like IGT.
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