The Strela-2M is an enhanced version of the Soviet Strela-2 (Arrow-2) man-portable air-defense system (MANPADS). Here's a detailed overview:
History and Development
- The Strela-2 was developed by the Soviet Union during the 1960s as a shoulder-fired missile system to counter low-flying aircraft. The first models entered service in 1968.
- The Strela-2M, an improved variant, was introduced in 1970. This model featured several upgrades to enhance its effectiveness against modern aircraft.
Design and Specifications
- Guidance System: The missile uses an uncooled lead sulfide infrared seeker with a reticle for target detection. The Strela-2M improved upon this with better sensitivity and resistance to countermeasures.
- Range: Effective range is up to 4.2 kilometers, with a maximum engagement altitude of 2.3 kilometers.
- Weight: The missile weighs approximately 9.2 kg, with the launch tube weighing an additional 4.5 kg.
- Speed: It can reach speeds up to 570 meters per second.
- Warhead: Contains a 1.15 kg high-explosive fragmentation warhead designed to inflict damage on aircraft through shrapnel.
Operational Use
- The Strela-2M was widely used by Soviet and Warsaw Pact forces during the Cold War, as well as being exported to numerous countries.
- It saw combat in various conflicts including the Yom Kippur War, the Angolan Civil War, and was notably used by insurgents in Afghanistan against Soviet forces.
- Although considered outdated by modern standards, it remains in service with some armies due to its low cost and ease of use.
Improvements Over Strela-2
- Enhanced seeker head sensitivity, improving the probability of hitting targets.
- Better resistance to infrared countermeasures.
- Extended range and altitude capabilities.
Controversies and Proliferation
- The Strela-2M has been involved in several incidents where it was used in conflicts by non-state actors, raising concerns about proliferation and control of MANPADS.
- Its design and ease of use make it a concern in the context of global arms control efforts, particularly in preventing its acquisition by terrorist organizations.
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