Sa
Sa is the first note of the musical scale in the Indian classical music system, known as Sargam. It is analogous to the Western musical note 'Do' or 'C' in the C major scale. Here are some detailed aspects of 'Sa':
Origin and History
- 'Sa' comes from the Sanskrit word "Sadja," which means 'that which gives birth to six other notes.' This term reflects the foundational role 'Sa' plays in the scale.
- The concept of 'Sa' has roots in ancient Indian texts like the Natyashastra by Bharata Muni, which dates back to around 200 BCE to 200 CE, where it describes the musical notes and their significance.
Musical Significance
- In both Hindustani and Carnatic music systems, 'Sa' is the tonic note or the key note, around which the entire raga or melody is constructed.
- 'Sa' is considered immovable or 'shudha', meaning it does not change its pitch in any scale or raga, unlike other notes which can be sharp (teevra) or flat (komal).
Role in Raga
- Each raga starts with 'Sa' as the reference point. The relationship between 'Sa' and other notes defines the structure of the raga.
- It's the drone note often played by instruments like the Tanpura throughout the performance to provide a continuous pitch reference for the performer.
Symbolism and Philosophy
- In Indian philosophy, 'Sa' is sometimes associated with the concept of 'Brahma' or the origin, representing the source from which everything else emanates.
- It symbolizes the beginning, stability, and the fundamental truth in music, embodying the idea of the unchanging cosmic sound or 'Nada'.
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