The Rouen Cathedral is a magnificent example of French Gothic architecture, located in Rouen, the capital city of Normandy in northern France. Officially named Cathedral of Our Lady of Assumption, this cathedral has a rich history spanning over a millennium.
History
- Foundation: The origins of the cathedral trace back to the 4th century when a small church was established on the site. However, the current structure began to take shape in the 12th century.
- Construction Phases:
- The Romanesque nave was constructed from 1035 to 1063.
- The choir was rebuilt in Gothic style in the 13th century.
- The transept, towers, and spires were added over several centuries, with the most notable being the Butter Tower, built in the 16th century, so named because it was financed by the sale of butter during Lent, when it was forbidden to eat butter.
- Architectural Changes: Over the centuries, the cathedral underwent numerous modifications and restorations, reflecting the evolution of architectural styles from Romanesque to Gothic to Flamboyant Gothic.
Architectural Features
- Facade: The western facade is particularly famous for its intricate stonework, statues, and the tallest church spire in France, which reaches 151 meters (495 feet).
- Stained Glass: The cathedral boasts some of the finest stained glass in France, with windows dating from the 13th to the 20th century.
- Towers: Besides the Butter Tower, the cathedral has two other notable towers: the Tour Saint-Romain and the Tour de Beurre.
- Crypt: The crypt contains the tombs of several former Archbishops of Rouen and offers a glimpse into the cathedral's early history.
Cultural Impact
- Art: The cathedral became a subject for many artists, most notably Claude Monet, who painted over 30 views of the cathedral, capturing its facade in different lights and weather conditions. These paintings are celebrated for their exploration of light and color.
- Literature: It has also been referenced in literature, including in works by Gustave Flaubert, who was born in Rouen.
World War II Damage
During World War II, the cathedral suffered significant damage, especially in 1944 when Allied bombings targeted Rouen. However, it was meticulously restored post-war.
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