René Descartes
René Descartes, often known by his Latinized name Renatus Cartesius, was a pivotal figure in the fields of philosophy, mathematics, and science. Born on March 31, 1596, in La Haye en Touraine (now known as Descartes, France), he is widely recognized for his contributions to the scientific revolution.
Philosophy
Descartes is best known for his philosophical works, particularly:
- Cogito, ergo sum ("I think, therefore I am"), a foundational principle in his philosophy that establishes the existence of the self as an undeniable truth.
- Dualism - Descartes proposed that the mind and body are distinct substances, interacting at the pineal gland.
- Method of Doubt - A systematic approach to skepticism where he doubted all that could be doubted to find an indubitable truth.
Mathematics and Science
In mathematics, Descartes:
In science, he made significant contributions to:
- Optics, where he explained the rainbow phenomenon and the law of refraction.
- He also proposed a mechanical philosophy, suggesting that all physical phenomena could be explained in terms of matter and motion.
Life and Works
- Education: Attended the Jesuit college of La Flèche where he received a classical education.
- Military Service: Served in the army of Prince Maurice of Nassau and later traveled widely in Europe.
- Publications:
- Death: Descartes died on February 11, 1650, in Stockholm, Sweden, where he was invited by Queen Christina to teach her philosophy.
Legacy
Descartes' influence extended beyond his lifetime, impacting:
External Links
Related Topics