Réunion is an island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar and 175 kilometers (109 miles) southwest of Mauritius. It is a French overseas department and region, which means it is an integral part of France and the European Union.
Geography
The island covers an area of approximately 2,512 square kilometers (970 square miles). Its landscape is dominated by the Piton de la Fournaise volcano, one of the most active volcanoes in the world, and the Piton des Neiges, the highest peak at 3,071 meters (10,075 feet). The climate varies from tropical along the coast to temperate in the central highlands.
History
- Discovery and Early Settlement: Réunion was first sighted by the Portuguese in the early 16th century. It was uninhabited until French colonization began in the 17th century. It was officially claimed by France in 1642 and named Île Bourbon.
- Colonial Period: The island was used for sugar cane cultivation, leading to the importation of slaves from Africa and later indentured laborers from India. The abolition of slavery in 1848 led to significant demographic changes.
- Name Change: In 1848, the island was renamed Réunion in commemoration of the joining of the French Revolution factions.
- 20th Century: Réunion has remained a French territory, experiencing economic development particularly after World War II. It has also seen significant immigration from Comoros, which has influenced its culture.
Economy
The economy of Réunion is based on services, construction, tourism, agriculture, and fishing. Sugarcane was historically the main crop, but its importance has declined. The island has also developed in areas like information technology and renewable energy, with a strong push towards sustainability.
Culture
Réunion's culture is a rich blend due to its diverse population, including:
- Language: The official language is French, but Créole Réunionnais is widely spoken.
- Religion: Catholicism is predominant, with significant Hindu, Muslim, and other religious minorities.
- Traditions: The island celebrates several festivals like Miel Vert and Grand Kabar, showcasing its unique cultural heritage through music, dance, and cuisine.
Political Status
As an overseas department, Réunion elects representatives to both the National Assembly of France and the European Parliament. It has its own local government with an elected Assembly.
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