Pyramid of the Sun
The Pyramid of the Sun is one of the largest structures in the ancient city of Teotihuacan in what is now central Mexico. Here is a detailed overview:
Location
The Pyramid of the Sun is located in the northern part of Teotihuacan, approximately 40 kilometers northeast of Mexico City. It stands at the eastern side of the Avenue of the Dead, which runs through the heart of the city.
History and Construction
- Construction Date: The pyramid's construction is believed to have started around 100 AD, with significant additions and modifications made over the next two centuries.
- Architectural Style: It exhibits the classic Mesoamerican step-pyramid design, similar to those found in other cultures like the Maya civilization and Aztec structures.
- Size and Dimensions: The pyramid measures approximately 223 meters wide along each side at its base, with a height of 65.5 meters. It was originally covered in a layer of stucco and painted bright red.
Significance
- Ceremonial Use: The pyramid was likely used for religious ceremonies and possibly for astronomical observations. There's debate on whether it was dedicated to any particular deity, with some suggesting it might have been linked to the worship of the sun.
- Urban Planning: Its placement within Teotihuacan suggests it was a central point in the city's layout, influencing the alignment of other structures and roads.
Archaeological Discoveries
- Tunnels and Caves: Archaeologists have discovered a series of tunnels and caves beneath the pyramid. One notable tunnel runs directly underneath the pyramid, possibly used for rituals or as a symbolic representation of the underworld.
- Artifacts: Excavations have yielded numerous artifacts including pottery, obsidian tools, and figurines, providing insight into the lives and beliefs of Teotihuacan's inhabitants.
Modern Day
The Pyramid of the Sun remains one of the most visited archaeological sites in Mexico, drawing tourists and scholars alike to explore its mysteries. It has also been subject to various conservation efforts to preserve its structure against natural and human-induced degradation.
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