Pyramid of the Moon
The Pyramid of the Moon is one of the most significant structures within the Teotihuacan complex, located in the Valley of Mexico near modern-day Mexico City. Here's an in-depth look at this monumental edifice:
Historical Context
The Pyramid of the Moon was constructed by the people of Teotihuacan, a pre-Columbian city that flourished from around 100 BCE to 600 CE. Although the city was abandoned before the rise of the Aztecs, they later revered it as the place where the gods created the universe.
Structure and Design
- Location: It sits at the northern end of the Avenue of the Dead, facing the Pyramid of the Sun.
- Dimensions: The base measures approximately 147 meters by 130 meters, and it stands at about 43 meters tall, though it was once taller.
- Construction Phases: The pyramid was built in several stages, with the earliest construction dating back to the first century CE. It was expanded at least seven times, with the final phase completed by 350 CE.
- Architectural Style: It features talud-tablero architecture, a style typical of Teotihuacan, where sloping walls (talud) are topped by a vertical panel (tablero).
Archaeological Significance
Excavations at the Pyramid of the Moon have revealed:
- Burials: Numerous burials, including sacrificial offerings, have been found, indicating its use in rituals.
- Murals: The pyramid's interiors contain murals depicting various themes, including warfare and the underworld.
- Artifacts: Objects like obsidian blades, greenstone figures, and pottery have been discovered, shedding light on Teotihuacan culture.
Function and Rituals
The pyramid likely served as a temple dedicated to the Great Goddess of Teotihuacan or perhaps to the moon, although this is not definitively proven. Evidence suggests it was a focal point for:
- Ritual Sacrifice: Human sacrifices were conducted here, particularly during the dedication of new construction phases.
- Ceremonial Activities: It was a site for ceremonies related to the lunar cycle, military victories, and agricultural cycles.
Current State and Tourism
Today, the Pyramid of the Moon remains one of the key attractions at the Teotihuacan archaeological site, attracting thousands of tourists each year. Visitors can climb to the top for panoramic views of the site.
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