Puglia
Puglia, also known as Apulia, is a region in Southern Italy bordering the Adriatic Sea to the east, the Ionian Sea to the southeast, and the Gulf of Taranto to the south. The region is known for its vast olive groves, historic towns, and unique architecture.
Geography
Puglia occupies the heel of Italy's boot-shaped peninsula. Its landscape is predominantly flat, especially in the central and southern parts, with a rugged coastline featuring cliffs and sandy beaches. The region includes several sub-regions like Salento, Gargano, and Murge, each with distinct geographical features.
History
- Prehistoric Times: Puglia has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Era. Evidence of human settlement dates back to 12,000 BC.
- Greek Colonization: During the 8th century BC, Magna Graecia was established when Greeks colonized parts of Southern Italy, including Puglia, leading to the foundation of cities like Taranto and Bari.
- Roman Era: Puglia was incorporated into the Roman Empire, with its fertile lands becoming a significant agricultural region.
- Middle Ages: After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Puglia saw domination by various powers including the Byzantine Empire, Normans, Swabians, and Angevins. The region was pivotal during the Crusades due to its ports.
- Modern Era: Puglia was part of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies until Italian unification in 1861. The region experienced significant emigration in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Culture
The culture of Puglia is deeply rooted in its history:
- Architecture: Puglia is famous for its trulli, unique white-washed, conical-roofed houses, especially in Alberobello.
- Cuisine: The regional cuisine includes fresh seafood, burrata, orecchiette pasta, and focaccia. Olive oil production is also a cornerstone of Puglian food culture.
- Festivals: Puglia hosts numerous festivals, like the Carnevale di Putignano, one of the oldest in the world, and various religious celebrations.
Economy
Agriculture dominates Puglia's economy, with extensive cultivation of olives, grapes, cherries, and almonds. Tourism has also become vital, with the region's historical sites, beaches, and cultural events attracting visitors.
Notable Sites
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