The Pontifical Swiss Guard is the small but storied military force responsible for the safety of the Pope and the security of the Apostolic Palace within Vatican City. Here are some key points about this unique unit:
- Foundation: The Guard was established on January 22, 1506, by Pope Julius II, who commissioned 150 Swiss mercenaries to act as his personal bodyguard.
- Purpose: Its primary duties include guarding the Pope and the Apostolic Palace, accompanying the Pope on his travels, and ensuring the security of official Vatican functions.
- Size and Structure:
- The Guard currently consists of about 110-135 members, with the exact number fluctuating based on need and recruitment.
- It is commanded by the Commander of the Swiss Guard, who holds the rank of colonel, and two officers, the Vice-Commander and the Chaplain.
- Recruitment and Requirements:
- Recruits must be Swiss Catholic males between 19 and 30 years old.
- They must have completed basic training in the Swiss military, be of good character, at least 1.74 meters (5'8") tall, and have a high school education.
- The commitment is for a minimum of 26 months, with many serving longer.
- Uniform:
- The Guard is famous for its Renaissance-style uniform, designed by Pope Julius II and later modified by Pope Leo X and Pope Pius IX. It includes a blue, red, orange, and yellow striped doublet, a white ruff, and a black beret with a red feather.
- The ceremonial uniform is worn during special occasions, while the daily attire is more practical.
- Historical Significance:
- Perhaps the most famous event in the Guard's history is the Sack of Rome in 1527, where 147 Guardsmen defended Pope Clement VII against an attack by the forces of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Only 42 survived, creating the legend of the Swiss Guard's loyalty.
- Training:
- Recruits undergo a six-month training period that includes military training, Vatican protocol, and Italian language courses.
- Contemporary Role:
- While the Guard is ceremonial, it is also a functioning security force, equipped with modern weapons and trained in defensive tactics to protect the Pope.
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