Piazza del Campo is the principal public space of the historic center of Siena, Tuscany, Italy, and is one of Europe's greatest medieval squares. Known for its distinctive shell-shaped design, this piazza has been the hub of Siena's civic and social life since the 13th century.
History
The development of Piazza del Campo began in the mid-13th century as part of Siena's urban expansion. Originally, the site was a marketplace where the various contrade (districts) of Siena would meet. Over time, the square evolved:
- 1262-1270: The initial layout was established with the leveling of the ground to create a more formal space for public events.
- 1309-1319: The construction of the Palazzo Pubblico, Siena's town hall, began, which would become the centerpiece of the piazza.
- 14th Century: The paving of the square was completed, featuring the famous brick pattern that radiates from the central Fonte Gaia.
Architecture and Design
The square's unique shape was designed to host the Palio di Siena, a historic horse race held twice each year. Here are some notable features:
- Shape: The shell-shaped design allows for excellent visibility from all points, perfect for the Palio and other public gatherings.
- Paving: The piazza is paved with red bricks arranged in nine sections, symbolizing the Council of Nine, the government of Siena in the 13th century.
- Surrounding Buildings: The Palazzo Pubblico and the Torre del Mangia dominate one side, while the other sides are lined with noble palaces and medieval townhouses.
- Fonte Gaia: At the top of the square, the Fonte Gaia, a large fountain with sculptures by Jacopo della Quercia, serves as a focal point.
Cultural Significance
Piazza del Campo is not only a venue for the Palio di Siena but also a daily gathering place for locals and tourists:
- The square hosts numerous events, from medieval fairs to modern concerts.
- It's a place for communal dining, especially during festivals, where people eat, drink, and socialize.
- The piazza's role in Sienese history and its preservation make it a symbol of the city's pride and heritage.
UNESCO World Heritage Site
In 1995, Piazza del Campo was included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site list as part of the "Historic Centre of Siena," recognizing its outstanding universal value.
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