The Patriotic War of 1812 is another name for the War of 1812, which was fought between the United States and Great Britain, along with its British North American colonies, from June 18, 1812, to February 18, 1815. However, in Russia, this term specifically refers to the French Invasion of Russia led by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1812, not to be confused with the North American conflict.
The Patriotic War of 1812 in Russia was sparked by Napoleon's ambition to enforce the Continental System which aimed to weaken Britain through economic isolation. Napoleon sought to compel Russian Empire to rejoin the system after Russia had withdrawn from it in 1810. The refusal by Tsar Alexander I to comply with Napoleon's demands led to the invasion in June 1812.
The Russian campaign was a turning point in the Napoleonic Wars. It significantly weakened Napoleon's military strength and morale, leading to the formation of the Sixth Coalition against him. The war was a source of national pride for Russia, with the term "Patriotic War" emphasizing the collective effort and sacrifice of the Russian people.
The Patriotic War of 1812 has been commemorated in Russia through various monuments, literature, and art, symbolizing national resilience and the spirit of resistance against foreign invaders. It is considered a key moment in Russian history that showcased the strength and determination of the Russian people.