Orleanist
The Orleanist political faction refers to supporters of the House of Orleans branch of the French royal family, which descends from Louis XIII's younger brother, Philippe I, Duke of Orleans. Here's a detailed overview:
Historical Context
- Origins: The Orleanist line began when Louis Philippe I became the King of the French in 1830, following the July Revolution. This period, known as the July Monarchy, lasted until 1848.
- Rule: Louis Philippe I, known as the "Citizen King," ruled with a constitutional monarchy, attempting to balance between royalist tradition and republican ideals, promoting industrialization and a more liberal political environment.
- End of Reign: The July Monarchy ended with the Revolution of 1848, leading to the establishment of the Second French Republic.
Characteristics of Orleanism
- Political Philosophy: Orleanists generally supported a constitutional monarchy, advocating for a balance of power, with the monarch's role being more symbolic or ceremonial, rather than absolute.
- Social and Economic Policies: They promoted economic liberalism, fostering industry, commerce, and the middle class, which was quite progressive for the time.
- Contrast with Legitimists: While Legitimists supported the direct descendants of Louis XVI, Orleanists backed the Orleans line, which was considered more modern and in tune with the changing political landscape of France.
After the July Monarchy
- Exile and Influence: After the fall of Louis Philippe I, the Orleans family went into exile, but they continued to have supporters in France, influencing political thought and occasionally attempting to regain the throne.
- Comte de Paris: Louis Philippe, Count of Paris, Louis Philippe I's grandson, became a prominent figure among Orleanists, advocating for a constitutional monarchy.
Legacy
- Political Impact: The Orleanist ideas influenced French politics, particularly in the Third Republic, where many of their liberal and economic policies were adopted.
- Cultural Impact: The period of the July Monarchy is often remembered for its cultural advancements, with figures like Victor Hugo and Eugène Delacroix being active during this time.
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