Nickel
Nickel, known scientifically as Ni, is a chemical element with the atomic number 28 and is represented by the symbol Ni. Here are some detailed insights into nickel:
Physical Properties
- Appearance: Nickel is a lustrous, silvery-white metal that belongs to the transition metals in the periodic table.
- Hardness: It has a hardness of about 4-5 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively hard compared to many other metals.
- Melting Point: Nickel has a melting point of 1455 °C (1728 K, 2651 °F).
- Boiling Point: The boiling point is at 2913 °C (3186 K, 5275 °F).
- Density: Its density at 20°C is approximately 8.908 g/cm³.
Chemical Properties
- Corrosion Resistance: Nickel is highly resistant to corrosion, making it valuable for applications in harsh environments.
- Reactivity: While it reacts slowly with air at room temperature, nickel does not tarnish easily. However, it can form a thin oxide layer that protects the metal from further oxidation.
- Compounds: Nickel forms numerous compounds, including Nickel(II) Oxide, Nickel Sulfate, and Nickel Carbonate.
History
- Discovery: Nickel was first isolated and classified as a chemical element by Axel Fredrik Cronstedt in 1751. Initially, it was confused with Copper due to its similar appearance in ores.
- Name Origin: The name "nickel" comes from the German "kupfernickel" or "false copper," a term used by miners for the ore that did not yield copper.
Uses
- Alloys: Nickel is a key component in many alloys, including Stainless Steel, Monel, Inconel, and Hastelloy. These alloys are used in various applications due to their high strength and corrosion resistance.
- Batteries: Nickel is used in rechargeable Nickel-cadmium batteries and Nickel-metal hydride batteries.
- Plating: Nickel plating is used for decorative purposes, as well as for corrosion and wear resistance.
- Coins: Many countries have used nickel in their coinage, either as a primary component or in alloy form.
Environmental and Health Concerns
- Toxicity: While nickel is essential in small amounts for some enzymes, excessive exposure can lead to health issues including dermatitis, respiratory problems, and in severe cases, lung and nasal cancers.
- Environmental Impact: Nickel mining can have significant environmental impacts, including habitat destruction and water pollution.
Sources
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