New Zealand

New Zealand is an island country located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Here is a detailed overview:

Geography and Environment

North Island and South Island are the two main islands, with several smaller islands like Stewart Island.
The country has varied landscapes ranging from the Southern Alps, which includes Aoraki/Mount Cook, to the subtropical forests of Northland.
New Zealand's marine environment is rich, with species like the Hector's Dolphin and kelp forests.

The first settlers were Polynesians, who arrived around 1250-1300 AD, known today as Māori.
Abel Tasman was the first European to sight New Zealand in 1642, followed by James Cook in 1769, who mapped much of the coastline.
New Zealand became a British colony with the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, which established a formal relationship between the British Crown and Māori.
The country gained dominion status in 1907 and became fully independent in 1947 with the passage of the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act.

The culture of New Zealand is a fusion of Māori, European (mainly British), and more recent Pacific Islander and Asian influences.
Notable cultural events include Waitangi Day, ANZAC Day, and Matariki, the Māori New Year.
Sports like Rugby Union and Cricket are central to Kiwi identity.

New Zealand operates under a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarchy.
The Monarch of New Zealand is represented by the Governor-General.
The Prime Minister leads the government, with Parliament consisting of 120 members elected through a Mixed-Member Proportional (MMP) system.

The economy of New Zealand is developed, with key sectors including agriculture (notably dairy and wool), tourism, and services.
New Zealand is known for its clean, green image and has a strong focus on sustainability and renewable energy.

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