Nebuchadnezzar II, also known as Nebuchadnezzar the Great, was one of the most powerful and influential monarchs of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, reigning from approximately 605 to 562 BC. His rule marked the zenith of the Babylonian Empire's power, culture, and architectural development.
Nebuchadnezzar II was the eldest son of Nabopolassar, who founded the Neo-Babylonian dynasty after overthrowing the Assyrian Empire. Nebuchadnezzar was involved in military campaigns from a young age, notably participating in the battle that defeated the Egyptian Army at Carchemish in 605 BC, which significantly contributed to his father's consolidation of power.
Upon his father's death in 605 BC, Nebuchadnezzar quickly ascended to the throne. His military campaigns were extensive:
Nebuchadnezzar II is perhaps best remembered for his architectural endeavors:
He was a patron of the arts and sciences, promoting the building of temples and supporting the Babylonian priesthood. His reign saw the compilation of Babylonian literature, including the Enuma Elish, which describes the creation of the world.
Nebuchadnezzar II's legacy is mixed; while he is celebrated for his architectural and military achievements, he is also vilified in some historical accounts, particularly in Jewish tradition, for the destruction of Temple of Jerusalem and the subsequent exile of the Jewish population. His name appears frequently in the Hebrew Bible, often in the context of divine judgment and prophecy.