Muslims
Muslims are followers of Islam, which is one of the world's major religions, with over 1.8 billion adherents worldwide. Here are some key aspects:
Beliefs and Practices
- Monotheism: Muslims believe in one omnipotent, merciful God, known as Allah.
- The Five Pillars of Islam:
- Shahada (Declaration of Faith): There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.
- Salah (Prayer): Muslims pray five times a day.
- Zakat (Almsgiving): Giving a portion of one's wealth to those in need.
- Sawm (Fasting): Fasting during the month of Ramadan.
- Hajj (Pilgrimage): Performing the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime if one is able.
History
Islam began in the early 7th century in Arabian Peninsula with the revelations received by Muhammad, who is considered the last prophet in Islam. These revelations were compiled into the Quran, Islam's holy book. After Muhammad's death, his teachings spread rapidly across the Middle East, North Africa, and into parts of Europe and Asia, forming the Islamic Empire.
Divisions and Sects
Islam is divided into several sects, the most significant of which are:
- Sunni Islam: The largest group, representing about 85-90% of Muslims worldwide.
- Shia Islam: Approximately 10-15% of Muslims, with significant presence in Iran, Iraq, and parts of Lebanon.
Culture and Society
Muslim culture is rich and diverse, influenced by the vast geographical spread of Islam. It includes:
- Art and Architecture: Known for intricate calligraphy, geometric patterns, and monumental architecture like the Mosque of Córdoba and Taj Mahal.
- Literature: Contributions to poetry, philosophy, and science during the Islamic Golden Age.
- Law: Sharia law, which covers personal and civil law, although its implementation varies widely by country.
Current Demographics
Muslims are found in every corner of the globe, with significant populations in:
- Indonesia, which has the largest Muslim population in the world.
- Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Nigeria.
- The Middle East and North Africa, where many countries have Muslim-majority populations.
References
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