Mediterranean Basin
The Mediterranean Basin encompasses the lands around and connected to the Mediterranean Sea, a large body of water that stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to Asia in the east. This region is known for its diverse cultures, rich history, and unique biodiversity.
Geography
- The Mediterranean Sea itself covers an area of approximately 2.5 million km².
- It is bordered by three continents: Europe to the north, Africa to the south, and Asia to the east.
- Countries bordering the Mediterranean include but are not limited to Spain, France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco.
- The basin includes numerous islands such as Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, Cyprus, Crete, and many smaller ones.
History
- The Mediterranean Basin has been a cradle of civilization, with evidence of human activity dating back to the Paleolithic Era.
- It was the center of several ancient empires, including the Roman Empire, Phoenicia, Ancient Greece, and the Ottoman Empire.
- The sea facilitated trade, cultural exchange, and colonization, making it a crucial route for the spread of ideas, religions, and economic activities.
Biodiversity
- The Mediterranean Basin is one of the world's Biodiversity Hotspots, with a high level of endemism.
- It hosts around 25,000 species of plants, many of which are found nowhere else on Earth.
- Marine life includes iconic species like the Monk Seal, various types of fish, and migratory birds that use the region as a stopover.
Culture
- The region is characterized by its diverse cultures, languages, and cuisines, influenced by a mix of Islamic, Christian, and Jewish traditions.
- Historic cities like Athens, Rome, Istanbul, and Cairo have been pivotal in cultural, political, and economic developments.
Environmental Issues
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