Lockheed Martin
Lockheed Martin is an American aerospace, defense, arms, security, and advanced technologies company with global interests. It was formed by the merger of Lockheed Corporation with Martin Marietta in March 1995, creating one of the largest defense contractors in the world.
History
The history of Lockheed Martin can be traced back through its predecessor companies:
- Lockheed Corporation: Founded in 1912 by Allan and Malcolm Loughhead (later changed to Lockheed) as the Alco Hydro-Aeroplane Company. It became known for aircraft like the P-38 Lightning, the Constellation, and later the F-117 Nighthawk, the world's first operational stealth aircraft.
- Martin Marietta: Originated from the Glenn L. Martin Company, established in 1912, which merged with American-Marietta Corporation in 1961. Martin Marietta was involved in building missiles, rockets, and space vehicles, including the Titan and Viking rockets.
The merger in 1995 was primarily driven by the need to consolidate resources and capabilities in a post-Cold War environment where defense budgets were shrinking. This move allowed Lockheed Martin to become a leader in the defense industry, offering a broader range of products and services.
Operations and Products
Lockheed Martin operates in several key sectors:
- Aeronautics: Known for producing military aircraft like the F-35 Lightning II, F-22 Raptor, and the C-130 Hercules. They also work on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
- Missiles and Fire Control: This division focuses on missile systems, air defense, and tactical systems like the PAC-3 missile and Javelin missile.
- Rotary and Mission Systems: Encompasses helicopters, naval systems, radar systems, and cybersecurity, including the production of the Sikorsky helicopters.
- Space: Engages in satellite technology, space exploration, and strategic missile defense. They have been involved in significant NASA programs, including the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle.
Innovations and Controversies
Over the years, Lockheed Martin has been at the forefront of technological innovation:
- Stealth Technology: Pioneered with aircraft like the F-117 and F-22, which use materials and designs to reduce radar cross-section.
- Space Exploration: Significant contributions to space travel, including components for the International Space Station and Mars exploration.
However, the company has also faced criticism and legal challenges:
- Environmental Impact: Issues related to pollution and cleanup costs from past operations.
- Weapons Sales: Ethical concerns over arms sales to various countries, including nations with questionable human rights records.
Corporate Information
- Headquarters: Bethesda, Maryland, United States.
- Employees: Approximately 116,000 as of 2021.
- Financials: In 2021, Lockheed Martin reported revenues of over $67 billion.
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