Lake Victoria
Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, and the world's largest tropical lake. It spans across Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda, with its waters touching the borders of these three countries. Here are some key details:
Geographical Information
- Location: Lies between latitudes 1°S and 3°S, and longitudes 31°E and 35°E.
- Area: Approximately 68,800 square kilometers.
- Max Depth: 84 meters.
- Volume: About 2,750 cubic kilometers.
History and Exploration
The lake was named after Queen Victoria by John Hanning Speke, who was the first European to reach its shores in 1858. Before European exploration, it was known by different names among the local tribes such as Nyanza or Ukerewe.
Ecological Importance
- Biodiversity: Home to a vast number of species, notably the cichlid fish, which have evolved into hundreds of different species.
- Water Source: It's a significant source of water for millions of people, supporting agriculture, fishing, and domestic use.
- Ecosystem: The lake's ecosystem is vital for the survival of many species, including the endangered Nile crocodile.
Environmental Issues
Lake Victoria faces several environmental challenges:
- Water Hyacinth: An invasive plant species that has caused significant ecological disruption.
- Fishing Overload: Overfishing has led to the decline of many fish species.
- Pollution: Industrial, agricultural, and urban waste has polluted the lake, affecting water quality.
- Climate Change: Changes in rainfall patterns and temperatures have impacted water levels and biodiversity.
Human Activity
- Fishing: A major economic activity, with species like the Nile perch being a significant commercial fish.
- Transport: The lake serves as an important transportation route for goods and people between the countries.
- Tourism: Attracts tourists for fishing, bird watching, and cultural experiences.
References
See Also