Kola Peninsula
The Kola Peninsula is a large peninsula located in the far northwest of Russia, extending into the Barents Sea and the White Sea. Here are some key details:
Geography
- It covers an area of approximately 100,000 square kilometers.
- The peninsula is known for its rugged terrain, with numerous fjords, lakes, and rivers.
- It features the Khibiny Mountains, which are part of the Caledonian Orogeny.
- The climate is subarctic, with severe winters and cool summers, although the coastal regions are moderated by the North Atlantic Current.
History
- The Sami people have inhabited the area for millennia, living traditionally as semi-nomadic reindeer herders.
- In the 19th century, the peninsula became of strategic importance during the Great Northern War and later during the Cold War due to its proximity to Norway and Finland.
- The Murmansk region, on the peninsula, was a key naval base for the Soviet Navy and remains an important naval and commercial port.
Economy
- The peninsula is rich in natural resources, particularly minerals like apatite, which is mined in the Kirovsk area.
- It is also home to the Kola Superdeep Borehole, the deepest borehole ever drilled.
- Fishing and tourism, especially eco-tourism, are significant economic activities.
Environment
- The Kola Peninsula is part of the Arctic region, with unique ecosystems including tundra and boreal forests.
- It is home to wildlife such as reindeer, wolves, and various bird species.
- Environmental concerns include pollution from industrial activities, particularly mining, and military operations.
Notable Features
Sources
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