Kingdom of Spain
The Kingdom of Spain, officially known as the Kingdom of Spain, is a sovereign state located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. Spain's history is rich and multifaceted, with influences from various cultures due to its strategic position at the crossroads between Europe, Africa, and the Mediterranean Sea.
History
Spain's history can be traced back to prehistoric times, with significant archaeological finds from the Paleolithic era. Here are some key historical periods:
- Prehistoric Spain: Evidence of human habitation dates back to the Lower Paleolithic period. Notable sites include the Cave of Altamira with its famous prehistoric cave art.
- Ancient History: The Iberian Peninsula was home to several pre-Roman cultures, including the Tartessos and the Iberians. The region was later colonized by Phoenicians, Greeks, and Carthaginians, before being conquered by the Roman Empire in 218 BC.
- Visigothic Kingdom: After the decline of Roman rule, the Visigoths established a kingdom in Spain that lasted until the 8th century.
- Muslim Rule: Starting in 711 AD, much of Spain came under Muslim rule, leading to the establishment of Al-Andalus. This period introduced significant cultural and scientific advancements to Spain.
- Reconquista: The Christian kingdoms in the north began a long process of reconquest known as the Reconquista, which culminated in the fall of Granada in 1492.
- Spanish Empire: Following the unification of Spain under the Catholic Monarchs, Spain became a dominant global power, exploring and colonizing vast territories around the world, leading to the creation of the Spanish Empire.
- Modern Era: Spain's global influence waned in the 19th and 20th centuries due to internal strife, including the War of the Spanish Succession and the Spanish Civil War, leading to significant political changes, including the transition to democracy after the death of Francisco Franco in 1975.
Geography
Spain covers an area of 505,990 km² and is the fourth largest country in Europe. It includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and several territories in North Africa like Ceuta and Melilla.
Politics and Government
Spain is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarchy. The King of Spain serves as the head of state, while the government is led by the Prime Minister. The Cortes Generales, composed of the Congress of Deputies and the Senate, is the legislative body.
Economy
Spain has a mixed capitalist economy, the 14th largest in the world by nominal GDP. Key sectors include tourism, manufacturing, agriculture, and services. Spain is one of the world's leading producers of olive oil, wine, and tourism.
Culture
Spanish culture is diverse due to its historical influences. It's known for its art, music, literature, cuisine, and festivals. Notable cultural contributions include:
References
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