Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was a historical state that existed from 1816 to 1860, combining the realms of the Kingdom of Sicily and the Kingdom of Naples. Here are some key details about this kingdom:
Formation
- The kingdom was established by Joachim Murat after he was ousted by Napoleon. It was officially proclaimed by Ferdinand I in 1816, following the Congress of Vienna.
- It was a union of the Kingdom of Sicily (which included the island of Sicily) and the Kingdom of Naples (which encompassed most of mainland southern Italy).
Geography
- The kingdom extended from the Gulf of Gaeta in the north to the tip of the Calabria in the south, and included the island of Sicily.
Government and Administration
- The Kingdom was ruled by the House of Bourbon, with Naples as the capital for administrative purposes, although Palermo was considered the co-capital for ceremonial reasons.
- The kingdom had a complex administrative structure with a dual system, reflecting its origins from two separate states. It was divided into several provinces, each with its own governor.
Economy
- The economy was primarily agricultural, with significant production in wheat, wine, oil, and silk. However, the industrial revolution bypassed this region, leading to economic stagnation compared to Northern Italian states.
- There was considerable wealth disparity, with the southern regions being less developed than the north.
Culture and Society
- The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was known for its rich cultural heritage, contributing significantly to art, music, and literature.
- Neapolitan music, including opera, became famous throughout Europe.
Political Unrest and Dissolution
Legacy
- Despite its dissolution, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies left a lasting cultural and historical legacy, particularly in the fields of architecture, cuisine, and traditional arts.
- The Bourbons of the Two Sicilies continue to exist as a non-reigning family, claiming the title of Duke of Castro.
Sources: