Iwi
In Māori culture, iwi refers to a tribe or a group of people bound together by kinship, descent, and common cultural traditions. Here is a detailed exploration of iwi:
Definition and Structure
- Iwi: Literally means "bone" in Māori, symbolizing the core and strength of the Māori community. It represents the largest social units in Māori society, often encompassing multiple hapū (sub-tribes) and whānau (extended family).
- Hapū: A sub-tribe, which is a smaller group within an iwi, usually sharing a common ancestor several generations back.
- Whānau: The basic unit of Māori social structure, representing extended family groups.
Historical Context
The concept of iwi has deep roots in Māori history:
- Before European contact, iwi were largely autonomous, with each having its own territory, leadership, and social structure.
- Post-European contact, especially after the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, iwi structures began to interact with colonial governance, leading to significant changes in land ownership and political power.
Role and Functions
- Political Representation: Iwi have increasingly sought recognition and representation in New Zealand's political landscape. They participate in national politics through Māori political parties and the Māori seats in Parliament.
- Cultural Preservation: Iwi play a crucial role in preserving and promoting Māori language, customs, and traditions.
- Land and Resources: Iwi have rights and interests in land and resources, often through claims under the Treaty of Waitangi and subsequent settlements.
- Social Services: Many iwi provide health, education, and welfare services to their members, aiming to improve the socio-economic conditions of their communities.
Notable Iwi
- Ngāpuhi - One of the largest iwi in New Zealand, located in the Northland region.
- Ngāi Tahu - Predominantly in the South Island, known for their significant land settlement claims.
- Waikato-Tainui - Based in the Waikato region, with a notable history of resistance against colonial forces.
Contemporary Issues and Challenges
- Treaty Settlements: Negotiations and settlements regarding historical grievances related to land confiscation and breaches of the Treaty of Waitangi.
- Resource Management: Iwi are involved in the management of natural resources, often through co-governance models with the government.
- Urban Migration: Many Māori have moved to urban areas, challenging the traditional iwi structures and leading to new forms of urban Māori identity.
External Links
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