The Ionian Sea is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, south of the Adriatic Sea. It lies between the southern tip of Italy to the west, Albania to the north, and Greece to the east. This sea stretches from the Strait of Otranto in the north to the southernmost point of Peloponnese in the south, where it meets the Mediterranean proper.
Geography
- Location: The Ionian Sea is located in the central Mediterranean.
- Boundaries: It is bordered by:
- Italy to the west
- Albania and Montenegro to the north
- Greece to the east
- Islands: The sea contains several notable islands including:
History
Historically, the Ionian Sea has been a crucial maritime route linking the Eastern and Western Mediterranean. Here are some historical highlights:
- Ancient Civilizations: The area was a hub for ancient civilizations like the Ancient Greeks, who established colonies along its shores.
- Roman Era: During the Roman Empire, it was an important trade route, connecting Rome to its eastern provinces.
- Venetian Influence: In the Middle Ages, the Republic of Venice dominated the Ionian islands, which were collectively known as the Ionian Islands.
- British Protectorate: The Ionian Islands were under British protection from 1815 to 1864, known as the United States of the Ionian Islands.
Ecology
The Ionian Sea is rich in marine life, supporting various species of fish, cetaceans, and sea turtles:
- Marine Fauna: Includes species like dolphins, whales, sea turtles, and numerous fish species.
- Environmental Issues: Like many parts of the Mediterranean, the Ionian Sea faces challenges from pollution, overfishing, and climate change.
Economic Importance
The sea plays a significant role in:
- Shipping: A vital route for trade between Europe and Asia.
- Fishing: Provides a livelihood for many coastal communities.
- Tourism: The islands and coastal areas are popular tourist destinations, boosting local economies.
Sources
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