The Internet Protocol Suite, often referred to as the TCP/IP model, is a set of communication protocols used for the Internet and similar networks. It provides end-to-end data communication specifying how data should be:
- Packetized, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received at the destination.
- Properly structured to ensure reliable delivery.
History and Development
The development of the Internet Protocol Suite began in the late 1960s with research funded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). Here are key milestones:
The suite is typically structured into four conceptual layers:
- Link Layer: Includes the hardware and data link layers, responsible for physical transmission. Examples include Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP).
- Internet Layer: Manages the addressing and routing of data packets. The main protocol here is IP.
- Transport Layer: Provides end-to-end communication services. Key protocols are TCP and UDP.
- Application Layer: Contains protocols for specific user applications like HTTP, FTP, and SMTP.
Significance
The Internet Protocol Suite is fundamental for:
- Enabling communication across different types of networks.
- Supporting the growth of the Internet and its various applications.
- Ensuring interoperability among diverse computer systems.
References
See Also