Iberia
Iberian Peninsula, commonly known as Iberia, is a geographical and cultural region located in southwestern Europe. Here is a detailed overview:
Geography
The Iberian Peninsula is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the east, and the Pyrenees mountains to the north, which separate it from the rest of Europe. It includes:
History
The history of Iberia spans several millennia:
- Prehistoric Era: The region was inhabited by various prehistoric cultures, including the Celtiberians and Iberians.
- Ancient History: Iberia saw the rise of civilizations like Tartessos, the Phoenicians, and the Carthaginians. Later, it was conquered by the Roman Empire, becoming part of Hispania.
- Middle Ages: After the fall of the Roman Empire, the peninsula was invaded by Visigoths, followed by Umayyad Muslims in the 8th century. This period is known as Al-Andalus, where Islamic culture flourished alongside Christian kingdoms.
- Reconquista: The Reconquista was a centuries-long effort by Christian kingdoms to reclaim the peninsula from Muslim rule, culminating in the fall of Granada in 1492.
- Age of Discovery: The unification of Spain under the Catholic Monarchs and the subsequent Age of Discovery led to significant exploration and colonization by Iberian explorers.
- Modern History: The 20th century saw the Spanish Civil War and the subsequent dictatorship under Francisco Franco. Portugal also underwent significant political changes, transitioning from a dictatorship to a democratic republic.
Culture and Language
Iberia has a rich cultural tapestry:
Economy
Today, Iberia is known for:
- Tourism: Both Spain and Portugal are top tourist destinations due to their climate, history, and culture.
- Agriculture: Producing olives, wine, and various fruits.
- Industry: Automotive, textiles, and renewable energy sectors are significant.
Sources
Related Topics