The Iban people are an indigenous group primarily residing in the regions of Sarawak, Malaysia, Brunei, and Kalimantan in Indonesia. They are known for their rich cultural traditions, including their unique longhouse architecture, intricate tattoo practices, and the famous Ngajat dance. Here is a detailed look into various aspects of the Iban culture and history:
The origins of the Iban people trace back to the Kapuas River basin in Kalimantan, from where they migrated to the coastal regions of Sarawak over several centuries. This migration was largely driven by the search for new land for farming due to their traditional practice of swidden agriculture, also known as slash-and-burn agriculture. By the 19th century, the Iban had established themselves as one of the major ethnic groups in Sarawak.
The Iban language is part of the Malayo-Polynesian languages within the Austronesian language family. Their oral tradition is rich with tales, legends, and proverbs, with the most famous being the Iban Literature like the Iban Adat (customary law) and Pengap (chanting).
Today, many Iban people have transitioned from a traditional lifestyle to modern ways of living, with many engaging in various professions outside their ancestral lands. However, efforts are made to preserve their cultural heritage through festivals, education, and cultural programs.