Hong Kong, officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), is a metropolitan area and special administrative region of the People's Republic of China. It is located on the eastern side of the Pearl River Delta, with its political and economic systems distinct from those of mainland China under the policy of "one country, two systems."
The history of Hong Kong dates back to prehistoric times, with evidence of human presence from the Neolithic age. However, its modern history began with the Opium Wars in the 19th century:
After the lease expiration, sovereignty of Hong Kong was transferred from the United Kingdom to China on July 1, 1997, under the Sino-British Joint Declaration signed in 1984. The region was established as a special administrative region with a high degree of autonomy, except in foreign and defense affairs.
Hong Kong comprises Hong Kong Island, the Kowloon Peninsula, the New Territories, and over 260 outlying islands. It covers an area of approximately 1,104 square kilometers. The region is known for its diverse landscapes, including urban skyscrapers, extensive green parks, and rugged natural terrain.
Hong Kong has one of the world's most thriving economies, characterized by free trade, low taxation, and minimal government intervention. It serves as a major financial hub in Asia with the Hong Kong Stock Exchange being one of the largest in the world. The economy has transitioned from manufacturing to services, particularly finance, tourism, and trade.
The cultural landscape of Hong Kong is a unique blend of Eastern and Western influences:
Hong Kong operates under a 'one country, two systems' framework, where it has its own legal system, based on common law, separate from mainland China's civil law system. The Chief Executive is the head of the government, and the Legislative Council is the legislative branch, with some members elected and some appointed.