Homo
Homo is the genus that includes modern humans and their extinct relatives. Here is detailed information about the genus:
Overview
History and Evolution
The genus Homo evolved in Africa from Australopithecus or from earlier species within the tribe Hominini. The first appearance of Homo is often associated with:
- Homo habilis, one of the earliest species in the genus, which appeared about 2.8 million years ago.
- The transition from Australopithecus to Homo is marked by changes in brain size, tool use, and dietary habits.
Key Species
Here are some of the key species within the Homo genus:
Characteristics
- Brain Size: Significant increase in brain size compared to earlier hominins.
- Tool Use: Development and refinement of stone tools, with later species showing more sophisticated technology.
- Language and Culture: Evidence suggests that language and cultural practices emerged within the Homo lineage.
- Habitat: Expansion from Africa to other continents, adapting to various environments.
Extinction and Survival
Most species within the Homo genus are extinct:
- Homo floresiensis (the Hobbit) became extinct around 50,000 years ago.
- Neanderthals are thought to have died out around 40,000 years ago, though their genetic legacy persists in modern human populations.
Modern Humans
Homo sapiens, the only surviving species of the Homo genus, have spread worldwide, developing diverse cultures, languages, and civilizations.
Sources
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