The history of Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be traced back to ancient times when myths, stories, and imaginations of intelligent automatons or artificial beings were part of human culture. However, the modern conceptualization of AI began in the mid-20th century:
Early Foundations
- 1943: Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts created a model of artificial neural networks, laying the groundwork for computational models of the brain.
- 1950: Alan Turing published his seminal paper, "Computing Machinery and Intelligence," where he proposed the Turing Test to measure a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, a human.
The Birth of AI
Golden Years and Winter
- 1950s-1960s: Optimism was high with significant advancements in rule-based systems, theorem provers, and the development of early AI programs like Logic Theorist by Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon.
- 1970s: The AI winter began due to unfulfilled expectations, leading to reduced funding and interest. However, research in areas like expert systems continued.
Rebirth and Expansion
21st Century Developments
- 2000s onwards: AI experienced exponential growth with the advent of big data, improvements in algorithms, and increased computational power:
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