Henry IV, born on December 13, 1553, was a pivotal figure in French history, known for his role in ending the Wars of Religion and laying the groundwork for French Absolutism. Here are some detailed aspects of his life and reign:
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Early Life: Henry was born in Pau, the capital of the former kingdom of Navarre. His parents were Antoine of Navarre and Jeanne d'Albret. His mother, a staunch Huguenot, raised him in the Protestant faith.
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Path to the Throne: Henry ascended to the throne in 1589 after the assassination of Henry III, who had no direct heir. However, his claim was contested by the Catholic League due to his Protestant faith.
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Conversion to Catholicism: In 1593, to secure the support of the Catholic population and end the civil wars, Henry IV converted to Catholicism, famously stating, "Paris vaut bien une messe" ("Paris is well worth a Mass").
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Edict of Nantes: In 1598, Henry IV issued the Edict of Nantes, which granted substantial rights to the Huguenots, including religious toleration, civil rights, and the ability to fortify their towns. This edict effectively ended the French Wars of Religion.
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Reign and Reforms: Henry IV is often remembered for his efforts to rebuild France after the devastation of the civil wars. He focused on economic and administrative reforms, promoting agriculture, trade, and industry. His reign saw the construction of major infrastructure like the Pont Neuf in Paris.
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Assassination: Henry IV was assassinated on May 14, 1610, by François Ravaillac, a Catholic fanatic, who believed that Henry had not done enough to suppress Protestantism.
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Legacy: Henry IV is often celebrated for his pragmatic approach to governance and his efforts to unify a divided France. His policies laid the foundation for the absolute monarchy of his grandson, Louis XIV.
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