The H-IIB is a Japanese expendable launch system developed by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI). Here is detailed information about the H-IIB:
History and Development
- Development Start: The development of the H-IIB began in 2003, with the first launch occurring on September 10, 2009.
- Objective: The primary goal was to provide a heavy-lift capability for launching larger payloads into orbit, particularly for the International Space Station (ISS).
- First Launch: The inaugural flight of the H-IIB successfully launched the Kounotori (HTV) cargo spacecraft to the ISS.
Design and Capabilities
- Launch Vehicle: The H-IIB is an upgraded version of the H-IIA, designed with a larger first stage to accommodate heavier payloads.
- Propulsion: It uses liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen as propellants in its first stage, with the LE-7A engine (an upgraded version of the LE-7 used in H-IIA). The second stage employs a LE-5B engine.
- Payload Capacity: The H-IIB can carry up to 19 tonnes to low Earth orbit (LEO) and 8 tonnes to geostationary transfer orbit (GTO).
- Configuration: It has a standard configuration with four solid rocket boosters (SRBs), which can be increased to six for heavier payloads.
Missions
- HTV Missions: The H-IIB was primarily used to launch the Kounotori HTV, which delivered supplies, experiments, and other cargo to the ISS. There have been eight successful launches of the HTV as of the latest update.
- Other Payloads: Besides the HTV, it has the capability to launch communication satellites, weather satellites, and other types of spacecraft.
Retirement
- Last Launch: The final flight of the H-IIB occurred on May 20, 2020, marking the end of its operational service as JAXA focuses on the development of the next generation of launch vehicles.
Legacy and Impact
- The H-IIB significantly contributed to Japan's space program by ensuring the regular supply of the ISS, enhancing Japan's role in international space exploration, and demonstrating advanced launch vehicle technology.
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