El Tajín is an ancient pre-Columbian city located in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. Known for its architectural and artistic heritage, this site was one of the most significant cultural centers of the Classic Veracruz culture, flourishing from 600 to 1200 AD. The name "El Tajín" means "thunder" in the language of the Totonac people, who are believed to have been its primary inhabitants.
The city of El Tajín reached its apogee between 800 and 1150 AD, during which time it was a major center for religious, political, and cultural activities. The site's layout includes pyramids, plazas, and ball courts, showcasing the advanced urban planning of its time. The most iconic structure is the Pyramid of the Niches, which is believed to have served both astronomical and ceremonial purposes. This pyramid, with its 365 niches, might represent the days of the year or the solar calendar.
El Tajín is renowned for its unique architecture, characterized by:
The decline of El Tajín is attributed to various factors, including political upheaval, environmental changes, and possibly the arrival of Aztec influence. By the time the Spanish arrived in the 16th century, the city was already abandoned. The site was rediscovered in the late 18th century by Spanish explorers, and systematic archaeological work began in the 20th century.
In 1992, El Tajín was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its outstanding universal value as a testament to the cultural and architectural achievements of the Classic Veracruz culture.