Dry Tortugas is a small group of islands located at the end of the Florida Keys, about 70 miles west of Key West, Florida. Here are key details about this unique area:
Geography
- Comprises seven islands, including Garden Key, Loggerhead Key, Bush Key, Long Key, Hospital Key, Middle Key, and East Key.
- The total land area is about 1.5 square miles, though the islands shift and change due to natural processes like hurricanes and erosion.
History
- Discovery and Naming: Discovered by Ponce de León in 1513, who named them "Las Tortugas" due to the large number of sea turtles. The word "Dry" was added later to indicate the lack of fresh water on the islands.
- Fort Jefferson: The most notable feature is Fort Jefferson, a massive coastal fortress built in the mid-19th century. Construction began in 1846 but was never completed. It served as a military prison during and after the Civil War.
- Prison: Dr. Samuel Mudd, convicted for his role in the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, was imprisoned here. His medical aid during a yellow fever epidemic led to his pardon.
- National Park: In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt designated the area as Dry Tortugas National Park to protect the maritime and historical resources.
Ecological Significance
- The park is known for its pristine coral reefs, which are part of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.
- It provides critical habitat for numerous bird species, including nesting sites for the Sooty Tern and Brown Noddy.
- It's a significant breeding ground for sea turtles, particularly the Loggerhead Sea Turtle.
Activities and Access
- Visitors can explore Fort Jefferson, snorkel or dive among the coral reefs, and engage in bird watching.
- Access to the park is primarily by boat or seaplane from Key West. The only accommodations are primitive camping sites.
Challenges
- Environmental Threats: Coral bleaching, invasive species, and climate change pose significant risks to the marine ecosystem.
- Historical Preservation: Efforts are ongoing to preserve Fort Jefferson and other historical structures against the elements and human impact.
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