Classic-Period
The Classic-Period generally refers to a time of notable cultural and artistic achievement in various civilizations. Here are some key points about the Classic-Period in different cultural contexts:
Mesoamerica
In Mesoamerica, the Classic-Period spans from approximately 250 to 900 AD. This era is characterized by:
- The rise and peak of the Maya Civilization, known for its advancements in astronomy, mathematics, and architecture.
- Significant developments in urban planning, with cities like Tikal, Palenque, and Copán flourishing.
- The construction of monumental architecture including temples, palaces, and ball courts.
- Development of a complex writing system, which was used for recording historical events, religious texts, and astronomical observations.
- A period of intense artistic production, particularly in sculptural and ceramic arts, reflecting religious and political themes.
Ancient Greece
The Classic-Period in Ancient Greece lasts from about 480 BC to 323 BC, marked by:
- The defeat of the Persians at the Battle of Salamis and the subsequent rise of Athens as a cultural and political center.
- Development of Classical Greek Art, which emphasized harmony, proportion, and balance, influencing Western art for centuries.
- The flourishing of philosophy with figures like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
- The establishment of Greek Democracy in Athens, although it was limited to free male citizens.
- The building of the Parthenon on the Acropolis, symbolizing the peak of Greek architectural achievement.
Roman Empire
The Classic-Period in Roman Empire context can refer to the time from the establishment of the Roman Republic to the fall of the Western Roman Empire:
- The Roman Republic (509 BC to 27 BC), marked by political and military expansion.
- The Roman Empire under Augustus, beginning in 27 BC, where Rome saw a period of peace known as Pax Romana.
- Significant architectural achievements like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and extensive road networks.
- Literary achievements with works by Virgil, Ovid, and Horace.
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