C4
C4, also known as Composition C-4, is a type of plastic explosive widely used in military applications for its stability and ease of handling. Here's a detailed look into its:
Composition
- RDX (Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine): The main explosive component, comprising approximately 91% of the mixture.
- Plasticizer: Typically dioctyl sebacate or a similar compound, which makes the explosive pliable.
- Binder
- Tagging Agent: Often includes a small amount of a chemical marker to aid in detection, such as DMDNB (2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane).
History and Development
C4 was developed by the United States during the 1950s as an improvement over earlier plastic explosives like Composition B and TNT. Its development was part of a broader initiative to create safer, more stable explosives for military use:
- It was first produced in 1960, replacing earlier compositions due to its superior safety profile.
- The stability of C4 means it can be handled without the risk of accidental detonation from heat or shock.
Properties
- Stability: C4 is very stable, requiring a detonator to explode.
- Plasticity: Can be molded into any shape, allowing for targeted demolition.
- Insensitivity: Unlike dynamite, it does not explode when shot or set on fire; it requires a shockwave from a blasting cap to detonate.
- Shelf Life: C4 has an exceptionally long shelf life if stored properly.
Uses
- **Military**: Primarily used for breaching structures, demolishing enemy fortifications, and in Improvised Explosive Devices.
- **Civil Engineering**: Occasionally used in controlled demolition or rock blasting.
Safety and Regulations
- Due to its stability, C4 can be transported and stored relatively safely.
- There are strict regulations concerning its storage, transport, and disposal because of its potential for misuse.
- The International Air Transport Association (IATA) and other organizations have guidelines for the handling of explosives like C4.
Notable Incidents
- In 1995, Oklahoma City Bombing involved the use of a truck bomb made with fertilizer and fuel oil, but there was no C4 used in this event.
- However, C4 has been implicated in numerous terrorist activities where its high explosive power was sought after.
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