Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology standard used for exchanging data between fixed and mobile devices over short distances. It uses radio waves in the ISM Band from 2.400 to 2.485 GHz, allowing for a universal, low-cost, and secure wireless link between devices.
The technology was conceived by Jaap Haartsen in 1994 while working at Ericsson. The name Bluetooth was inspired by the 10th-century Danish King Harald Bluetooth, who unified Denmark and Norway, symbolizing the unification of technology companies in the development of this standard. Here are key milestones:
Bluetooth operates through a process known as Pairing, where devices establish a connection:
- Pairing: Devices exchange a unique Passkey or PIN Code to ensure secure communication.
- Profiles: Bluetooth Profiles define how devices use Bluetooth for specific applications like Audio Streaming or File Transfer.
- Communication: Data is transmitted in packets, with each packet containing a header and payload, allowing for efficient use of the radio spectrum.
Applications and Uses
Bluetooth technology is widely used in various applications:
- Low power consumption, especially with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE).
- Ubiquity, as it's built into nearly all modern mobile devices.
- Secure and encrypted communication.
- Ability to connect multiple devices simultaneously.
Challenges and Limitations
- Short range, typically up to 100 meters for Bluetooth 5.
- Potential interference with other devices in the ISM Band.
- Speed limitations compared to other wireless technologies like Wi-Fi.
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